Vocabulary: Unit-4

Unit-4 Vocabulary:

1. Christianity- Christianity was the main religion in Europe, during the Middle Ages.
2. Christendom- The Christian territories became known as Christendom.
3. Pilgrimage- The Christianity men have to make a pilgrimage to a holy place. In this way, they could obtain eternal life. Christians had to go too to church and pry every day. They had to fast during Lent, attend confession, receive communion and, if possible.
4. Crusades- Was military expeditions, organised by the Pope and the European Kings, to take the Holy Land from the Muslims.
5. Tithe- It was a special tax that the peasants also have to pay, which was a tenth of their harvest.
6. Barrel vaults- - Kind of vault used by the architects based on the semicircular arch Roman.
7. Apse. Place in the Catholic Church, at the top, with a semicircular shape
8. Buttress- Were thick pillars outdoor of the cathedral.
9. Ambulatory- Was one corridor in the apse, the people look round of the cathedral altar.
10. Transept- The shorter arms in the plant of catholic church
11. Lent- The date when the Christians had to fast was called Lent.
12. Altarpieces- Panels of paintings which was used on altars in them were shown the lives of saints and martyrs.
13. Miniatures- Were small paintings which illustrated bibles and manuscripts.
14. Mural Painting- Kind of painting which was common on walls, especially in the main apse near the altar.
15. Panel painting- Kind of painting which was used on altars and small altarpieces, The lives of saints and martyrs were shown.
16. Convents- Place where lived the new religious orders when they were started by friars, in the cities.
17. University- Place created when kings and burghers had needed educate his sons, in the Middle Age.
18. Gargoyles- Kind of sculptures which were sculpted on the top outside of cathedrals.
19. Stained glass-The windows were made of stained glass (Gothic cathedral).
20. Pointed arches-Kind of arch used in the Gothic cathedral
21. Rib vault- Kind of vaults used in the Gothic cathedral
22. Flying buttress-The weight of the rib vault did not rest on the walls, but on the pillars inside the cathedral and on the flying buttresses outside.
23. Rose windows- Name for one kind of circular window that were made of stained glass, in the cathedral
24. Latin cross- Type of plant of the Catholic cathedral building.
25. Side aisles- In the Latin cross of the Gothic cathedral was at side of central nave.
26. Capitel-Were decorated with religious themes and with a portrait of the dead person.
27. Pinnacle- Decorative element which is the final of one buttress

Vocabulary unit 3 and 4

Homework:

• First of all you have to do the glosary in the end of your book.
• Second, you have to look for the meaning of these words and write them in english:

Unit 3	Unit 4
Three year rotation Mouldboard plough Hanseatic league Trade fairs Bills of exchange Ghettoes Moorish City Council Guilds Master Craftsmen Journeymen Apprentices Roman Law Parliaments	Christianity Christendom Pilgrimage Crusades Title Barrel vault Apse Buttress Ambulatory Transept Lent Altarpieces Miniatures Mural Painting Panel Painting Convents University Gargoyles Stained glass Pointed arches Rib vault Flying buttress Rose windows Latin cross Side aisles Capitel Pinnacle

You need to know these words and your meanings for the next exam. I will ask you.

Actividades de repaso sobre el Gótico

Ejercicios Unidad5 La Epoca Del Gotico

El reino de los cielos, película sobre la Edad Media

Esta película está ambientada a finales del siglo XII, justo antes de la III Cruzada, y nos puede dar una idea de cómo era el entorno medieval en que se movía la sociedad de la época, además de darnos una visión sobre las cruzadas. Una vez que la veas da tu opinión, en los comentarios, sobre ella.

Gothic

Gotico en España

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Cathedrals, videos

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How understand gothic art?

1. Step 1

   Look at the outside of a Gothic Cathedral. One of the first things you will notice is the prevalence of gargoyles surrounding the building. The utilitarian reason for these monstrous sculptures is quite basic; they are waterspouts. As for the frightening appearance of these creatures, the most common conclusion is that they were created to symbolically keep evil spirits away.

2. Step 2

   Note the building materials used. Gothic churches were made entirely of stone, whereas churches in the former eras used wood for the roofs, which made them susceptible to fire. The weight of the stone was eased by the use of ”flying buttresses” or buttresses used to reinforcement the building that are diagonally arched or "flying" in form.

3. Step 3

   Gaze upward in the interior of the church. The vertical thrust towards a pointed apex is not only spiritual in origin, but it has a structural function as well in connection with the ribbed vaults.

4. Step 4

   Notice the way the ribbed vaults are spaced and how they meet at the apex of the church. This distributes the weight of the frame, making it more structurally sound.

5. Step 5

   Look for an abundance of Romanesque décor within the church. Sculptures, paintings and ornate stained-glass windows are notable traits of this type of architecture. The windows are large and the paintings depict scenes from both the Old and New Testament.

To know some cathedrals

Test sobre el Románico

Ciudad y Comercio Medieval

Ciudad y Comercio Medieval

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Románico en España

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Esquemas y Repasos

How to understand the Romanesque art ?

How to Understand Romanesque Art

Romanesque art, as a definitive style, emerged around the year 1000 and lasted until about 1150 in France, Italy, Britain and the German fiefdoms. The name literally means "in the style of the Roman.

1. Step 1

   Recognize that this was a period of huge physical migration. For the first time in history, people were making religious pilgrimages across vast distances, stopping in various cities along the way.

2. Step 2

   Recognize that the Crusades began in 1095 with the intention of recapturing Jerusalem from its Jewish and Muslim dwellers. This led to increased trade between northern Europe and the Islamic world.

3. Step 3

   Know that the Romanesque is most famous for its monasticism and illuminated manuscripts. Monks wrote out pages by hand, using and developing a script called Caroline miniscule - a precursor to the Roman alphabet we now use - and embellished the pages with gold and, less commonly, silver.

4. Step 4

   Look at pictures and examples of Romanesque art and architecture. There are good examples on the Internet.

5. Step 5

   Know that two things took place in wall painting and manuscript illumination: Forms became smoother and more fluent with a less aggressively patterned interpretation put on nature, and the interest in contemporary Byzantine art grew more intense. Both of these tendencies aimed at representing human actions and interactions with greater conviction and increased psychological power.

6. Step 6

   Know that this period is characterized by the building of churches with vaulted ceilings of masonry. Mason vaulting was highly fire-retardant in an era when marauding hordes and competing feudal lords regularly sacked and destroyed churches and their communities.

7. Step 7

   Notice that relief sculpture began to appear in art, particularly in churches and in pictures with religious themes. about it
   

The music in this art, The Gregorian:



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Desplegable romanico
Diccionario románico
English romanesque art dictionary
Glossary with Medieval art Vocabulary


How recognize you the Romanesque art ?

HOMEWORK. you have to put the name of several places in the last two pictures. in English and Spanish.

Writes and you should put it in your blog

What were the Crusades?

What were the Crusades?

The Crusades were a series of military campaigns during the time of Medieval England against the Muslims of the Middle East. In 1076, the Muslims had captured Jerusalem - the most holy of holy places for Christians. Jesus had been born in nearby Bethlehem and Jesus had spent most of his life in Jerusalem. He was crucified on Calvary Hill, also in Jerusalem. There was no more important place on Earth than Jerusalem for a true Christian which is why Christians called Jerusalem the "City of God".

However, Jerusalem was also extremely important for the Muslims as Muhammad, the founder of the Muslim faith, had been there and there was great joy in the Muslim world when Jerusalem was captured. A beautiful dome - called the Dome of the Rock - was built on the rock where Muhammad was said to have sat and prayed and it was so holy that no Muslim was allowed to tread on the rock or touch it when visiting the Dome.

Therefore the Christian fought to get Jerusalem back while the Muslims fought to keep Jerusalem. These wars were to last nearly 200 years

A Time line of the Crusades

Some History books do slightly vary with their dates regarding when the Crusades started. The problem seems to be on deciding whether the date a crusade was called for is the date it started, on or whether the date troops actually left for a crusade is the date it started.

The First Crusade : 1096 to 1099

The Second Crusade : 1147 to 1149

The Third Crusade : 1189 to 1192

The Fourth Crusade : 1201 to 1204

The Fifth Crusade : 1218 to 1221

The Sixth Crusade : 1228 to 1229

The Seventh Crusade : 1248 to 1254

The Eighth Crusade : 1270

In 1212 what became known as the Children’s Crusade also occurred.

Homework: Read the text and answer briefly the question: What and how were the Crusades? Writes in your blog