Showing posts with label 1 The Early Middle Ages. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 1 The Early Middle Ages. Show all posts

Tuesday, 8 December 2009

El reino de los cielos, película sobre la Edad Media

Esta película está ambientada a finales del siglo XII, justo antes de la III Cruzada, y nos puede dar una idea de cómo era el entorno medieval en que se movía la sociedad de la época, además de darnos una visión sobre las cruzadas. Una vez que la veas da tu opinión, en los comentarios, sobre ella.

Sunday, 6 December 2009

Meaning of word Unit 1

1. Allah- Islamic God.

2. Byzantine Empire- The new name of the Eastern Roman empire. Its capital was Constantinople.

3. Carolingian Empire- Empire founded by Charlemagne when in the 800 was crowned new Emperor of West.

4. Germanic - Tribes that they lived in the north of the roman empire. This tribes invaded West Roman empire and this disappeared

5. Hegira-This date marks the start of the Muslim calendar. It is when Muhammad moved to Medina in 622.

6. Islam- A new religion made from Muhammad.

7. Justinian Code- It modernised the Roman law.

8. Mosaics- style of painting was made with little pieces of stone, glass, …which covered the walls and ceilings of churches and palaces.

9. Monotheistic- they only believe in one god.

10. Ramadan- It's a month in the Islamic calendar where the Muslims have to fast.

11. Huns- one of the Barbarians tribes who attacked the Roman empire, also they attacked the Visigoths in the 4th century.

12. Basileus- He is the emperor in the East Empire. He had great power. He commanded the army and government, and he was also religious leader.

13. Byzantine Orthodox Church- It's a religion like the Catholic but in the Eastern Europe.

14. East-West Schism-It's the separation between the Roman Catholic Church and the Byzantine Orthodox Church.

15. Icons-They are holy images that they were in the churches.

16. Treaty of Verdun- It’s a treaty which confirmed the division of the Carolingian Empire

17. Missi dominici- also called messengers, they check on local affairs, and ensure that the system of government was functioning properly in the Charlemagne Empire .

18. Counties- name by the administrative units in which Charlemagne divided his empire

Thursday, 8 October 2009

Capilla Palatina de Aquisgrán


Gracias a una inscripción, hoy desaparecida, sabemos que el arquitecto fue Odón (o Eudes) de METZ .Las obras se iniciaron en el 790, y en el 797 se culminaba la cubierta del octógono central, siendo consagrada por el papa León III en el 805, dedicándola a Santa Maria.

Planta de la capilla.
Se concibió como una planta centralizada en torno a un octógono central al que rodea otro hexadecagonal (de 16 lados) y entre ambos un deambulatorio.

Interior (reconstrucción).
Por encima del deambulatorio hay una tribuna que abre al espacio central mediante unos arcos y a su vez este espacio central se eleva por encima de las tribunas y se cubre con una bóveda de paños.

El modelo del octógono de esta capilla recuerda a San Vital de Rávena. Es un edificio centralizado con otro envolvente. Cuando en el año 790 se comenzó la capilla, Carlomagno solicitó al Papa que tomaran los materiales para su construcción de Rávena, por lo que no es extraño que viera los edificios de allí, y quedaran impresionados. Hay sin embargo diferencias entre ambos.

La capilla palatina representa un paso atrás, porque en San Vital los arquitectos emplearon unos recursos de una sutileza arquitectónica que a los de Aquisgrán se les escaparon totalmente:

1. Por ejemplo en Aquisgrán la molduración horizontal está bastante marcada, con lo cual el sentido ascensional del edificio queda bastante cortado.
2. El arquitecto de San Vital de Rávena no hace líneas rectas, son exedras en la planta del octógono y esto provoca una mayor ligereza, por lo que se gana en dinamismo. Sin embargo, en la capilla de Aquisgrán si son rectas. Esto tampoco supieron captarlo los arquitectos carolingios.
3. En San Vital el ábside no está a eje en relación con el pórtico de entrada (diapo de la derecha) que da mayor libertad al edificio, evitando el encorsetamiento. En Aquisgrán sí está a eje con el pórtico.


TAREA: Empleando tu libro y los materiales que tienes aquí realiza una presentación en tu blog sobre la Capilla Palatina de Aquisgrán.

Tuesday, 6 October 2009

Mosques



Al Amway Mosque - Watch more amazing videos here

The Muslim building for communal worship is called a mosque. Muslims often refer to the mosque by its Arabic name, masjid. The word comes from the Arabic for "place of prostration".

Very often Mosques have a domed roof and a tall tower called a minaret. Muslims are called to prayer from the minaret. The man who who enters the minaret and calls them to prayer is called a muezzin.

In Britain, calling Muslims to pray this way is not allowed, so some Islamic communities broadcast the call to prayer on a radio frequency which Muslims can pick up in their homes and places of work using a small receiver.

There are no pictures or statues in a mosque. They are decorated with patterns and words from the Qur'an. There is also very little furniture inside because Muslims use prayer mats for prayer.

When people go into the mosque they take off their shoes. This is to keep it clean for prayer.

There is often a fountain or pool, or at least an area with water where people can wash (wudu). Muslim wash their hands, mouth, throat, nose, ears, arms up to the elbow and feet. This is a sacred wash that symbolises spiritual cleansing and purity in readiness for coming before God.

There is always a quibla wall in a Mosque which is the one facing Makkah (Mecca), it has an empty arch to signify the direction. It is important that Muslims always know the direction of Mecca.

Women do not pray in the same place as men, there is usually a screened off area for them.


HOMEWORK: What do you think about?

Thursday, 1 October 2009

Justinian Code


Justinian Code
Some of the events leading to the Roman Empire's collapse were civil war, corruption, and foreign invasions that began in A.D. 161 which left the empire weak. Several emperors tried to prevent the collapse by dividing the empire into smaller regions.. Foreign invaders quickly overran the western part of the empire while the eastern half survived as the Byzantine Empire. Roman legal traditions survived through the efforts of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian, who had Roman law organized into the Justinian Code.

In A.D. 528 the Emperor Justinian began a review of the old Roman laws. There were thousands of Roman laws that ordered life in the empire. The most famous which were reviewed were called the Twelve Tables. These tables assured that all citizens had a right to the protection of the laws. Nearly 1,000 years later, Emperor Justinian chose ten men to review 1,600 books full of Roman Law and create a simpler legal code. These men were able to create the Justinian Code with just over 4,000 laws.

Here you can see the Justinian Code.

Tarea: Busca información sobre el Código de Justiniano, y la importancia que tuvo y ha tenido hasta nuestros días

Tuesday, 22 September 2009

Age of Constantine. The-Founding of Constantinople

Constantinople was founded by the Roman emperor Constantine I on the site of an already existing city, Byzantium, settled in the early days of Greek colonial expansion, probably around 671-662 BC. The site lay astride the land route from Europe to Asia and the seaway from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean, and had in the Golden Horn an excellent and spacious harbour.

The Roman Empire grew to enormous proportions. It was huge! It covered most of Europe, most of North Africa, and some of Asia. That created problems.

One problem was that it was getting difficult to manage the empire effectively. Rome seemed very far away to the people in the provinces.The Empire was divided :

  • The Western Roman Empire (Europe/North Africa) included the city of Rome.
  • The Eastern Roman Empire (Turkey/parts of Asia) included the city of Byzantium
TAREA: Busca información sobre la Fundación de Constantinopla, donde se localizó y que es lo más destacable en la antiguedad sobre esta ciudad

Friday, 18 September 2009

Huns



After precipitating the invasions of the Germanic tribes in the fourth century, the central Asian Huns, under their ruler Attila, also invaded the Roman Empire and conquered much of central and eastern Europe. In 451 - 452, they invaded Gaul and Italy, but these territories were successfully defended by a coalition of Roman and Germanic troops. The Huns were defeated at Châlons in 451 and soon after the death of Attila in 453, the Hunnic Empire fell apart. Other Asian nomadic peoples who entered Europe were the Avars in the sixth century, the Bulgars in the sixth and seventh centuries, and the Magyars in the ninth century. The Magyars settled in the
Danubian plain and their descendants still inhabit modern Hungary.

Thursday, 17 September 2009

Repaso



Vamos a repasar algunos aspectos de la Historia de Roma, debes colocar fechas y datos usando el paint de tu ordenador