La legión Romana

The army was organized into legions. Each legion has 5000 men. Each legion has its own leader, its own banner, and its own number. Each also had its own nickname. They moved camp every night. Men would wander the new campsite, visiting and drilling. The men could always find their way back to their own legion. They simply looked for their legion banner. Once they found that, they looked for their fighting group banner. Each legion was broken into several fighting groups. Camp was very colorful.

A legionary's uniform included a rectangular shield, a short sword, a dagger, a metal jacket, a belt, a helmet, a kilt, a shirt, and hobnailed sandals. The legion wore special hob-nailed sandals. Unless they wanted to sneak in quietly, a legion on the move was impressive!

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TAREA : EXPLICA EN QUÉ CONSISTÍA EL ARMAMENTO DE LOS LEGIONARIOS, QUE ERA UNA LEGIÓN Y CÓMO SE ORGANIZABA. PUBLÍCALO EN TU BLOG

Greek Art

Towards the end of the seventh and during the sixth century BCE evolved the two major styles of Greek architecture: DORIC and IONIC. Evidence indicates that the older Doric order did not appear until after the Greeks had made full contact with Egypt, which began in 664. The earliest representation of a Doric capital appears on a Protocorinthian sherd of about 650. The most characteristic building type in Greek architecture is the temple.

Rectangular plan for temples were already being adopted in the Geometric period, Their tructure was essentially a rectangular building (cella, or naos) that housed the cult statue, surrounded by a colonnade or peristyle. (Note: when the colonnade runs all the way around the cella, we refer to the temple as peripteral). Front and back porches (pronaos, opisthodomos) were formed by extending and thickening of the cella walls (antae; singular, anta). When two columns stand between the wall ends, described, in Latin, as being "in antis". A series of rules gradually developed which dictated general proportions, placement, and use of various decorative and functional members of the building.

DORIC ORDER
Evolves through the Archaic period mostly in terms of refinements in proportion. Distinguishing characteristics of the Doric order are:

1. A simple column shaft with twenty channels or flutes with sharp divisions (arrises) between them, and with three necking grooves near top. Slight convex tapering (entasis) from bottom to top

2. The column stands directly on the stylobate, without a base.

3. The capital has a swelling, cushion-like echinus, and a block-shaped slab for an abacus.

4. The architrave is a continuous undecorated flat surface.

The frieze has triglyphs ("three-grooved"), metopes, and regula-guttae and mutule-guttae constructions.

IONIC ORDER
Higher and more slender than the Doric, and more highly decorated. Earliest manifestations found in Ionia (Asia Minor). Distinguishing characteristics of the Ionic Order:

1. The column shaft slender with twenty-four flutes separated by broad, flattened arrises.

2. The column has an elaborately carved base.

3. The capital consists of two hanging volutes, beneath which is an ornamental area, and above a thin abacus.

4. The architrave carved with three flat undecorated projecting bands.

The frieze is continuous flat surface that may been decorated with sculpture or painted.

VOCABULARY

• Doric
• Ionic
• stylobate
• column
• flute
• capital
• echinus
• abacus
• architrave
• guttae
• entablature
• architrave
• frieze
• triglyph
• metope
• cornice
• pediment
• base
• volute
• naos or cella
• pronaos
• opisthodomos
• anta
• columns in antis
• peristyle or colonnade
• peripteral
  

TAREA: TOMA LA IMAGEN DE LOS ELEMENTOS QUE FORMAN EL ARTE GRIEGO Y USANDO EL PROGRAMA DE DIBUJO PAINT, COLOCA EL NOMBRE DE CADA ELEMENTO DONDE CORRESPONDA, LUEGO PUBLICA LA IMAGEN EN TU BLOG. Puedes usar los vídeos para revisarlo en Castellano si tienes alguna duda.

Legend of the Trojan Horse

Legend says ...... Once upon a time, a long time ago, there was an ancient city named Troy. Troy was located on the coast of Asia, across the sea from the Greek city-state of Sparta.

In those days, people used to build walls around their city to help protect them. Some walls were only a few feet high. Others as much as twenty feet high!

The people built gates in the wall. The gates could be opened to let people inside the city. In times of war, the gates could be closed and locked to stop intruders from getting inside.

Along the wall, inside of the city, a set of stairs wound up to the top. Warriors could stand at the top of the stairs and shoot arrows down at intruders who were trying to get inside the city. There were also holes built high on the wall. Archers could shoot arrows though the holes as well. If the wall was high enough and strong enough, it could do a pretty good job keeping intruders from coming inside.

The walls around Troy were very high and very strong. According to the legend of Trojan Horse, for ten long years, the Greeks had been trying to get over the wall around the city of Troy. But the Greeks could not get over the wall. And the Trojans could not drive the Greeks away. Year after year they fought. And year after year, neither side won.

One day, a Greek general, Odysseus, had a tricky idea. "Let's pretend to sail away," he suggested. "We'll leave a gift for Troy, a gift to announce the end of the war, a wooden horse with 30 men hidden inside. At night, these men can sneak out and open the gate of Troy!"

The Greeks thought it was a brilliant idea. They had their best artists build the horse. It was a magnificent horse. When it was ready, the Greeks brought the huge wooden horse. They placed it by the gates of Troy. The Greeks sailed away.

When the archers at the top of the stairs saw the Greeks leaving, they could not believe their eyes. The Trojans thought they had won the war. They laughed when they saw the horse. They loved it actually. The Greeks were famous for their art. The Trojans were delighted with their gift. They dragged the horse inside their city and closed the gates. Then they began to celebrate.

That night, while the Trojan people slept soundly, the 30 Greek men hidden inside the wooden horse climbed out and opened the gates of Troy. That was the end of Troy. ( tomado de ..)

Tarea : Qué piensas sobre la Guerra de Troya? y ¿sobre la Leyenda del Caballo? Publica tus reflexiones sobre ello en el blog

Greek colonization

The Greek Colonies

As the Greeks began to see great prosperity, their population exploded. As a result of this increasing population, the farmers in the city-states where not able to produce enough food to support and feed everyone.

To solve this problem, the city-states began to colonize regions around the Mediterranean Sea. These colonies supplied their parent polis, known as a metropolis with grain and food, while the metropolis would supply its colony with the supplies that it needed.

In the map the Mediterranean in ca. the 6th century BC. Phoenician cities are labelled in yellow, Greek cities in red, and other cities in grey.

to see Wikipedia


Tarea: Buscar y citar colonias Griegas y colonias fenicias en España, para ello vas al mapa, pulsando sobre ello, luego realizas un pequeño resumen sobre la colonización griega y junto a un mapa lo colocas en el blog, indicando qué colonias son griegas en España y cuales fenicias, con sus respectivos nombre.

Tuthankamen´s treasure

Use the Computer to create a presentation to Tuthankamen´s life. Try to answer each of these questions:
Who was Tuthankamen?
Where and When did he live?
Who discovered his tomb?
What was there in Tuthankamen´s treasure?
Why was this discovered so important?

Add some pictores to make your presentation more interesting.

You con use these links:

• Tuthankamen´s treasure
• Tuthankamen´s tomb
• BBC Tuthankamen´s treasure
• Tuthankamen

TAREA: PUBLICA EN TU BLOG LA RESPUESTA A ESTAS PREGUNTAS, ACOMPAÑADAS DE IMÁGENES

Why was the Nile crucial to Ancient Egypt

The ancient Egyptians enjoyed many natural barriers. There were deserts to the east and west of the Nile River, and mountains to the south. This isolated the ancient Egyptians and allowed them to develop a truly distinctive culture.

The Nile is one of the world's longest river. It is over 4000 miles long! It is shaped like the lotus flower so often seen in ancient Egyptian art. Each spring, water would run off the mountains and the Nile would flood. As the flood waters receded, black rich fertile soil was left behind. The ancient Egyptian called this rich soil The Gift of the Nile.

Fertile soil for crops was not the Nile's only gift. The Nile gave the ancient Egyptians many gifts. Thanks to the Nile, these ancient people had fresh water for drinking and bathing. The Nile supported transportation and trade. It provided materials for building, for making cloth for clothes, and even for making paper - made from the wild papyrus weed, that grew along the shores of the Nile.

Because of the annual flooding of the Nile, the ancient Egyptians enjoyed a high standard of living compared to other ancient civilizations. Without the Nile, Egypt would be a desert.

TAREA: Busca información sobre la Geografía de Egipto, sobre las innundaciones, sobre sus creencias en relación con las innundaciones y publícala en el blog. Debes realizar también un pequeño resumen de lo que te cuenta el texto.

The fertile Crecent. Mesopotamia

The Fertile Crescent: You may read on the web that ancient Mesopotamia is nicknamed "The Fertile Crescent". It is true that ancient Mesopotamia is located inside the geographic region referred to as The Fertile Crescent. Today, The Fertile Crescent includes the countries of Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Cyprus, Jordan, Palestine, Kuwait, the Sinai Peninsula, and Northern Mesopotamia. It is a big place.
A place where you con see one map of Mesopotamia.

The Land Between Two Rivers: Ancient Mesopotamia was located in a piece of The Fertile Crescent, in what is now southern Iraq. It covered an area about 300 miles long and about 150 miles wide. The word Mesopotamia actually means (in Greek) “the land between the rivers.” The two rivers referred to by the ancient Greeks are the Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers.

Why would anyone wish to build a civilization in the middle of the desert in what is now lower Iraq? Because it was a great place to live!

In Northern Mesopotamia, the land is fertile. There is seasonal rain. The rivers and streams are fed from the hills and mountains of the region.

In Southern Mesopotamia, the land is mostly flat and barren. Temperatures can rise over 110 degrees Fahrenheit. There is very little rainfall. Storms do blow in from the Persian Gulf, which cools things off. The area does have slight seasons. It can get quite cool at certain times of the year.

Many thousands of years ago, early settlers wandered into the land between two rivers. Natural vegetation and wildlife kept the people well fed. The rivers provided fresh drinking water, and a place to bathe. These early people settled down, invented a system of irrigation, and began to farm the land ( tomado de ...).

TAREA: LEER EL TEXTO Y COLOCAR TU OPINIÓN SOBRE EL MISMO EN TU BLOG. ¿QUÉ PIENSAS SOBRE LA GEOGRAFÍA DE MESOPOTAMIA Y DE SUS RECURSOS? ¿ POR QUÉ SE DESARROLLARON ESTAS CIVILIZACIONES EN ESTA ZONA?

Comienza la Historia

El hombre para estudiar su pasado emplea una serie de fuentes :

Las fuentes históricas

View more presentations from Daniel Gómez valle.

La historia se inicia con los documentos escritos que permitiran el testimonio de los acontecimientos que tienen lugar en la evolución del hombre. Esta historia se organiza en 4 momentos: Hª Antigua, Edad Media, Edad Moderna, Edad Contemporánea. Tal y como puedes ver en el siguiente esquema:


Estos esquemas, dos ejes cronológicos, lo hemos tomado de aquí.
Nosotros en lo que queda de curso nos ocuparemos de estudiar la Hª Antigua desde las Primeras Civilizaciones, Egipto y Mesopotamia y posteriormente Grecia y Roma.

TAREA :Lo primero de todo vamos a realizar una serie de actividades con cronología:

• Ordenar Cronología
• Otra de ordenar cronología
• Hace cuántos años sucedió?
• ¿ A qué siglo corresponden estas fechas?
• ¿ A qué siglo corresponden estas fechas 2?

Comparativa entre arte paleolítico y arte Mesolitico

Siguiendo la imagen realiza una tabla donde compares estos dos tipos de arte de la P. Ibérica.

Lugar
Epoca
Colores
Técnicas
Estilo
Temática
¿ Hay figura humana ?

Mapa conceptual de la Prehistoria y actividades

Mapa tomado del IES Los Remedios, con buena información en los contenidos mínimos para repasar.
Tambien tienes materiales en Inglés y actividades para trabajar en esta dirección

Realiza este preguntas y envíame las soluciones que has realizado.

Housework: Prehistoric

Housework: For every images:

It is a...........

It was used for......

TAREA: PUBLICA TUS RESULTADOS DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN EN EL BLOG.

Ötzi, El hombre del Hielo ( Iceman)

Otzi the Iceman (also spelled Oetzi and known also as Frozen Fritz) is the modern nickname of a well-preserved natural mummy of a man from about 3300 BC, found in 1991 in a glacier of the Otztal Alps, near the border between Austria and Italy. The nickname comes from the valley of discovery. He rivals the Egyptian "Ginger" as the oldest known human mummy, and has offered an unprecedented view on the habits of Chalcolithic (Copper Age) Europeans.

Scientific analysis

The body has been extensively examined, measured, x-rayed, and dated. Tissues and gut contents were examined microscopically, as was the pollen found on his gear. At the time of his death, Otzi was a 30-to-45-year old man, approximately 160 cm (5'3") tall.

Analysis of pollen and dust grains and the isotopic composition of his teeth's enamel indicate that he spent his childhood near the present village of Feldthurns, north of Bolzano, but later went to live in valleys about 50 km further north.

He had 57 tattoos, some of which were located on or near acupuncture points that coincide with the modern points that would be used to treat symptoms of diseases that Otzi seems to have suffered from, such as digestive parasites and osteoarthrosis. Some scientists believe that these tattoos indicate an early type of acupuncture.

His clothes, including a woven grass cloak and leather vest and shoes, were quite sophisticated.

The shoes were waterproof and wide, seemingly designed for walking across the snow; they were constructed using bearskin for the soles, deer hide for top panels, and a netting made of tree bark. Soft grass went around the foot and in the shoe and functioned like warm socks. The shoes have since been reproduced by experts and found to constitute such excellent footwear that there are plans for commercial production.

Other items found with the Iceman were a copper axe with a yew handle, a flint knife with an ash handle, a quiver full of arrows with viburnum and dogwood shafts and flint heads, and an unfinished yew longbow that was taller than he was.

Among Otzi's possessions were two species of polypore mushrooms. One of these (the birch fungus) is known to have antibacterial properties, and was likely used for medical purposes. The other was a type of tinder fungus, included with part of what appeared to be a complex firestarting kit. The kit featured pieces of over a dozen different plants, in addition to flint and pyrite for creating sparks.

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• Ötzi-Museum the iceman
• Imágenes del hombre de hielo
• Wikipedia en Ingles y en castellano

TAREA: Vas a investigar sobre el Hobre de Hielo,Ötzi. Realizarás un informe sobre él que debe incluir: Cúando y dónde vivió, cómo era , cómo vivía, cómo vestía, qué herramientas usaba, cómo murió, cómo y cuando aparecióetc.

Debes enviarme la tarea al correo y publicar un resumen de tu trabajo en tu blog, acompañada de imágenes.