Greek Art

Towards the end of the seventh and during the sixth century BCE evolved the two major styles of Greek architecture: DORIC and IONIC. Evidence indicates that the older Doric order did not appear until after the Greeks had made full contact with Egypt, which began in 664. The earliest representation of a Doric capital appears on a Protocorinthian sherd of about 650. The most characteristic building type in Greek architecture is the temple.

Rectangular plan for temples were already being adopted in the Geometric period, Their tructure was essentially a rectangular building (cella, or naos) that housed the cult statue, surrounded by a colonnade or peristyle. (Note: when the colonnade runs all the way around the cella, we refer to the temple as peripteral). Front and back porches (pronaos, opisthodomos) were formed by extending and thickening of the cella walls (antae; singular, anta). When two columns stand between the wall ends, described, in Latin, as being "in antis". A series of rules gradually developed which dictated general proportions, placement, and use of various decorative and functional members of the building.

DORIC ORDER
Evolves through the Archaic period mostly in terms of refinements in proportion. Distinguishing characteristics of the Doric order are:

1. A simple column shaft with twenty channels or flutes with sharp divisions (arrises) between them, and with three necking grooves near top. Slight convex tapering (entasis) from bottom to top

2. The column stands directly on the stylobate, without a base.

3. The capital has a swelling, cushion-like echinus, and a block-shaped slab for an abacus.

4. The architrave is a continuous undecorated flat surface.

The frieze has triglyphs ("three-grooved"), metopes, and regula-guttae and mutule-guttae constructions.

IONIC ORDER
Higher and more slender than the Doric, and more highly decorated. Earliest manifestations found in Ionia (Asia Minor). Distinguishing characteristics of the Ionic Order:

1. The column shaft slender with twenty-four flutes separated by broad, flattened arrises.

2. The column has an elaborately carved base.

3. The capital consists of two hanging volutes, beneath which is an ornamental area, and above a thin abacus.

4. The architrave carved with three flat undecorated projecting bands.

The frieze is continuous flat surface that may been decorated with sculpture or painted.

VOCABULARY

• Doric
• Ionic
• stylobate
• column
• flute
• capital
• echinus
• abacus
• architrave
• guttae
• entablature
• architrave
• frieze
• triglyph
• metope
• cornice
• pediment
• base
• volute
• naos or cella
• pronaos
• opisthodomos
• anta
• columns in antis
• peristyle or colonnade
• peripteral
  

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Legend of the Trojan Horse

Legend says ...... Once upon a time, a long time ago, there was an ancient city named Troy. Troy was located on the coast of Asia, across the sea from the Greek city-state of Sparta.

In those days, people used to build walls around their city to help protect them. Some walls were only a few feet high. Others as much as twenty feet high!

The people built gates in the wall. The gates could be opened to let people inside the city. In times of war, the gates could be closed and locked to stop intruders from getting inside.

Along the wall, inside of the city, a set of stairs wound up to the top. Warriors could stand at the top of the stairs and shoot arrows down at intruders who were trying to get inside the city. There were also holes built high on the wall. Archers could shoot arrows though the holes as well. If the wall was high enough and strong enough, it could do a pretty good job keeping intruders from coming inside.

The walls around Troy were very high and very strong. According to the legend of Trojan Horse, for ten long years, the Greeks had been trying to get over the wall around the city of Troy. But the Greeks could not get over the wall. And the Trojans could not drive the Greeks away. Year after year they fought. And year after year, neither side won.

One day, a Greek general, Odysseus, had a tricky idea. "Let's pretend to sail away," he suggested. "We'll leave a gift for Troy, a gift to announce the end of the war, a wooden horse with 30 men hidden inside. At night, these men can sneak out and open the gate of Troy!"

The Greeks thought it was a brilliant idea. They had their best artists build the horse. It was a magnificent horse. When it was ready, the Greeks brought the huge wooden horse. They placed it by the gates of Troy. The Greeks sailed away.

When the archers at the top of the stairs saw the Greeks leaving, they could not believe their eyes. The Trojans thought they had won the war. They laughed when they saw the horse. They loved it actually. The Greeks were famous for their art. The Trojans were delighted with their gift. They dragged the horse inside their city and closed the gates. Then they began to celebrate.

That night, while the Trojan people slept soundly, the 30 Greek men hidden inside the wooden horse climbed out and opened the gates of Troy. That was the end of Troy. ( tomado de ..)

Tarea : Qué piensas sobre la Guerra de Troya? y ¿sobre la Leyenda del Caballo? Publica tus reflexiones sobre ello en el blog

Troya, película

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Geografía yEtapas de la Historia de Grecia

Esquemas tomados de..

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Un interesante juego

Es una interesante página para que puedas participar de primera mano en la vida e historia griega.

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Greek colonization

The Greek Colonies

As the Greeks began to see great prosperity, their population exploded. As a result of this increasing population, the farmers in the city-states where not able to produce enough food to support and feed everyone.

To solve this problem, the city-states began to colonize regions around the Mediterranean Sea. These colonies supplied their parent polis, known as a metropolis with grain and food, while the metropolis would supply its colony with the supplies that it needed.

In the map the Mediterranean in ca. the 6th century BC. Phoenician cities are labelled in yellow, Greek cities in red, and other cities in grey.

to see Wikipedia


Tarea: Buscar y citar colonias Griegas y colonias fenicias en España, para ello vas al mapa, pulsando sobre ello, luego realizas un pequeño resumen sobre la colonización griega y junto a un mapa lo colocas en el blog, indicando qué colonias son griegas en España y cuales fenicias, con sus respectivos nombre.